论桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系

受管理理念的影响，桑树肥培管理工作存在一定的问题，加剧蚕病的扩散和蔓延，降低桑树 和蚕茧的生产质量，造成整体的经济效益不高。为此，本文深入分析桑树病虫害与蚕病危害的关系， 并提出防治的措施，以供参考。     

有益生防菌包衣处理不同油菜品种种子对菌核病发病率及产量的影响研究

油菜菌核病是油菜上的重要病害之一，在四川局部地区油菜根肿病时有发生，严重威胁到油菜安全生产。以油菜菌核病和根肿病为防治对象，与华中农业大学合作，利用其筛选的有益生防菌，选择双低和高芥酸油菜品种国豪油8号和绵油309，对其种子进行包衣处理，分别在无和有根肿病史的水旱轮作地，开展田间试验。试验结果表明：有益生防菌包衣处理的菌核病发病率均低于没有包衣处理；包衣处理的不同品种产量均高于没有包衣处理，但品种间有差异；包衣处理过的高芥酸油菜品种绵油309的产量高于包衣处理过的双低油菜品种国豪油8号；在有根肿病史试验田种植的菌核病发病率低于无根肿病史试验田，产量高于无根肿病史试验田。包衣处理对油菜根肿病的防治效果不显著。     

金刺梨黑斑病病原菌的分离及鉴定

金刺梨黑斑病主要于开花期危害幼嫩的果梗,果梗受害后产生黑色干腐病斑,导致整个花序从果梗处脱落。对黑斑病病原菌进行了分离和鉴定,通过形态学特性、致病性测定、rDNA-ITS序列分析,初步确定该病主要由拟茎点霉属(Phomopsis Sacc.)的Phomopsis.capsici真菌引起。     

石灰联合碳铵熏蒸对连作香蕉生长和根际微生物群落结构的影响

摘 要：由于长期连作导致香蕉枯萎病大量爆发，造成香蕉种植面积锐减，已严重影响海南香蕉产业的发展，因而急需寻求能够缓解或克服香蕉连作障碍的有效措施。本实验旨在探究使用绿色土壤熏蒸剂对长期连作蕉园的香蕉枯萎病的防控效果，特别是对植株生长发育、土壤化学性质和根际微生物区系的影响。田间试验共设置两个处理：石灰碳铵熏蒸处理（LAB）和对照处理（CK）。结果表明: LAB处理可以显著降低香蕉枯萎病发病率，与CK处理相比两季分别降低40%和46.62%，显著增加香蕉亩产量，与CK处理相比两季分别增产45.56%和75.99%。LAB处理可以显著提高土壤pH，改善土壤酸化，使酸性土壤维持中性水平，同时，增加土壤有机质含量，并且显著提高土壤速效磷（两季分别提高28.33%和89.14%）和速效钾含量（23.92%和38.67%）。并且LAB处理明显改变香蕉根际微生物群落结构，可以显著降低变形菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度，显著增加放线菌门等相对丰度，同时显著降低病原菌镰刀菌属相对丰度，并且显著提高部分土壤拮抗菌属的相对丰度，如链霉菌属、红球菌属和曲霉属。因此，石灰碳铵熏蒸有效改善香蕉根际微生物群落结构，有效防控香蕉枯萎病的发生并促进其植株生长。     

施用锌肥和遮阴互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响

采用大田裂区试验，研究了施用锌肥和不同遮阴程度互作对花生生长发育、抗病性及产量的影响。结果表明，与不施锌肥相比，施用锌肥能提高花生不同部位锌含量、增加叶片SPAD值，提高花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量，减少花生病害的发生，平均降低7.1个百分点，花生产量平均增加19.4%。相同施锌水平下，随着遮阴程度的增加，花生不同部位锌的含量和不同生育期叶片SPAD值以及花生叶片中可溶性糖、蛋白质和生长素含量呈增加趋势，花生的发病率比不遮阴对照增加4.8、10.2个百分点，花生产量平均降低16.5%、10.0%。在30%、70%的遮阴条件下，施用锌肥的花生产量比不施锌的分别提高21.1%、25.0%。本试验条件下，施用七水硫酸锌30 kg/hm2，使花生具有较强的抗低温寡照能力及抗病性能，增产显著，可在花生产区推广应用。     

Zerumbone attenuates MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth,lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Origanum onites L. essential oil as feed additives on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout. Fish (26.05 ± 0.15 g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with four different concentrations (0.125, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1) of O. onites essential oil for 90 days. Fish fed diets containing essential oil of O. onites had significantly higher final weight than the control group. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites was improved than other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion efficiency ratio was recorded in the 0.125 mL kg^?1 group of O. onites. Antioxidant status of fish was assayed for levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma catalase (CAT) activity. Lysozyme activity in plasma was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and cumulative mortality was recorded over 15 days. Dietary administration of 0.125, 1.5 and 2.5 mL kg^?1 O. onites significantly reduced fish mortality (P < 0.05). The 3.0 mL kg^?1 diet showed no mortality after challenged with L. garvieae. These results suggested that the essential oil of O. onites could be applied as growth promoter and also improved disease resistance when added to rainbow trout feed.     

槟榔黄化病病原及检测方法研究进展

黄化病是一种严重威胁槟榔生产种植的毁灭性传染性病害，目前主要在印度和我国槟榔主产区发生。本文从非生物与生物因素两方面对槟榔黄化病病原认识过程及检测方法进行详细的综述。